Tsavo National Park is the largest and oldest national park in Kenya and a true gem for wildlife and adventure lovers. Covering more than 22,000 km², Tsavo is divided into two sections, Tsavo East and Tsavo West, with Tsavo East being the larger of the two. Located in Taita Taveta County, this iconic park is a land of striking contrasts, from vast open savannahs and dramatic volcanic formations to lush springs that attract an incredible variety of wildlife.
Many travellers often wonder what the difference is between the two and which one should be part of their safari itinerary. The truth is that both sides of Tsavo are breathtaking in their own way, each offering unique landscapes, wildlife encounters, and unforgettable moments. In this guide, we take a closer look at what sets Tsavo East and Tsavo West apart, giving you a clearer picture of what to expect in each and maybe even inspiring you to explore them both.
Tsavo East National Park
Tsavo East National Park covers an area of 13,747 km2, making it the larger section of Tsavo. It is a vast semi-arid wilderness famous for its herds of elephants that appear red from the park’s iron-rich soil.
The park is home to a wide variety of wildlife, including lions, leopards, cheetahs, giraffes, zebras, buffaloes and over 500 recorded bird species. Its open plains make wildlife viewing easier, especially during the dry season when animals gather around water sources.
Some of the key attractions in Tsavo East include:
Lugard Falls
These are not typical waterfalls but rather a series of spectacular white-water rapids along the Galana River. The river squeezes through narrow channels of sculpted rocks, creating dramatic cascades and whirlpools. It’s a scenic spot where you can enjoy the power of the river and sometimes spot crocodiles basking on the banks.
Yatta Plateau
Known as the world’s longest lava flow, stretching over 300 km, the Yatta Plateau is a striking geological wonder. It was formed by lava flows from Ol Doinyo Sabuk Mountain centuries ago. Today, it provides a unique backdrop to the park and serves as a habitat for wildlife and bird species, especially raptors.
Aruba Dam
Built across the Voi River, Aruba Dam creates a permanent water reservoir that attracts wildlife all year round. During dry seasons, it becomes one of the best game viewing spots in the park as large herds of elephants, buffalo, antelopes and predators come here to drink.
Mammoth herds of Elephants
Tsavo East is famous for its large elephant population, often seen coated in the park’s red soil, which they spray on themselves to protect against the sun and insects. They are a breathtaking sight, especially when they gather in large numbers near the Galana River, offering unforgettable safari moments.
Tsavo East is less developed compared to Tsavo West, giving visitors a raw, untouched safari experience. Its vast landscape, dramatic scenery and abundant wildlife make it one of the most authentic safari destinations in Kenya.
Tsavo West National Park
Tsavo West National Park covers about 9,000 km2 and is known for its dramatic scenery, rich biodiversity and a mix of landscapes ranging from volcanic hills to lush springs. Unlike the more open plains of Tsavo East, Tsavo West offers a rugged, scenic terrain that makes game drives both exciting and rewarding.
Wildlife is abundant here with elephants, rhinos, lions, leopards, buffaloes, giraffes, hippos and countless bird species. The park is also home to the Ngulia Rhino Sanctuary, where black rhinos are protected and monitored.
Key attractions in Tsavo West include:
Mzima Springs
A natural spring fed by underground streams from the Chyulu Hills. It produces crystal-clear water that attracts hippos, crocodiles, and a variety of fish and birds. There’s even an underwater viewing chamber where visitors can observe aquatic life up close.
Shetani Lava Flow
A vast expanse of solidified black lava that stretches for kilometers. Formed centuries ago from volcanic eruptions, it’s a striking sight and carries local legends about the devil’s lava sweeping across the land.
Chyulu Hills
Rolling volcanic hills with lush green slopes are often called the Green Hills of Africa. They offer breathtaking views of Mount Kilimanjaro on clear days and provide excellent opportunities for hiking and birdwatching.
Ngulia Rhino Sanctuary
A fenced-off area within the park dedicated to conserving the endangered black rhino. It offers visitors a rare chance to see these majestic animals in a secure natural habitat.
Lake Jipe
A beautiful lake on the border of Kenya and Tanzania, fringed with reeds and alive with birdlife. It’s also a great spot to see hippos and elephants coming to drink.
Tsavo West combines dramatic landscapes with unique wildlife encounters, making it a favourite for travellers who enjoy both game drives and scenic exploration.